a sky seen through the telescope Ska
The international project of a giant network of antennas. Challenge of hardware and software in which Italy is a major player
Italy will make a splash in the future. The transnational ‘Square Kilometre Array’, ‘Ska’, is no longer just a sketch. The construction of the largest radio telescopes in the world system, able to observe the sky with unprecedented accuracy, will have a strong presence of science and industry made in Italy.
In Rome leads the international negotiations, now nearing completion. For it is to be born a new intergovernmental body, on the model ESA or CERN, but with a big news: include nations such as China, India, South Africa and Australia, far removed from Europe. World ever, for astronomy. The presidency of the “board” of “Ska” there for a few months astrophysicist Giovanni Bignami.
Professor, there are radio telescopes around the world and made us discover new classes of celestial objects: quasars, pulsars, radio galaxies and even the cosmic background radiation. What can we expect from “Ska”?
“” Ska “will allow us to open a new window on the Universe, at depths never reached before. To see how was the sky shortly after the Big Bang, when you were forming the first stars and galaxies. To keep the blacks holes of billions of solar masses, located in the nucleus of these galaxies, and to see the matter falling, swirling, into the black hole. And to study, precisely, the famous double pulsars: two neutron stars that revolve around each other, and that will allow to understand the effect of gravitational waves on the binary system’s stability. In short, “Ska” will be a car for astronomy from here to eternity. ”
Where will be built?
“The two countries that will host most of the network, composed of thousands of antennas, are South Africa and Australia. Both have desert and uninhabited areas, no electromagnetic pollution. The telescopes are extremely sensitive and in the desert are not disturbed by the television signal, radio or radar. ”
You mentioned a network of antennas. What is it?
“The antennas will be distributed along a spiral geometry, on a plot of tens of kilometers. They must be connected together to work together and the connection of many antennas, in points so distant, it is never addressed a technological challenge. It will use an enormous amount of optical fibers, equal to two times around the Earth. ”
Who finances the project?
“It is financed by public funds of the Member States. Right now they are ten: Some European states, South Africa and Australia, as well as India, China and Canada. And each is funding the project in proportion to its scientific weight. But the division of funding is a problem not easy: as a yardstick, we can not only use the GDP or the number of inhabitants. Now we are finding an even agreement based on the number of active astronomers in every state. To Italy it will be a figure of around 10%. ”
What are the technological implications of “Ska”?
“We will develop so much technology that now we can not even imagine. First of all in the management of Big Data: “Ska” will produce data at up to 100 times the total of the Internet. This raises a hardware-software technological challenge, and then fall back down to the level of our PCs and tablets. But also from the point of view of electronics and signal transmission, with all the fiber optics, we will have a spectacular improvement, even for mobile phones and cable television. Also important will be the cultural benefit. In the end we will all be less ignorant, we will understand something more of the Universe and we will fall in love with astrophysics, engineering and technology, new generations of young people. Especially in Italy, in fact, we have a desperate need to raise a new class of scientists and technologists to allow our country to create its own school – culture and technology – independent from the rest of the world. ”
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